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PA systems can be used for a variety of purposes and thus can be set up in a variety of configurations. Never point the microphone directly at a speaker.Always speak or sing within 1вЂќ-3вЂќ from a microphone windscreen.Never place the main speakers behind microphones.Always keep the maximum practical distance between mics and speakers.Increasing their distance apart from each other will help, but facing the speaker so itвЂ™s rejected by the microphone will produce the best results. Stage monitors are often prone to feedback because of their proximity to each performerвЂ™s microphone. This helps each mic reject the amplified sound sent to the audience.

Main speakers should be placed in front of the microphones and pointed away from the stage. If a feedback loop occurs, you can stop it by muting the offending speaker or microphone, but the most reliable option is to take feedback loops into consideration when positioning each mic and speaker.

The number one way to prevent feedback loops is by never pointing microphones and speakers directly at each other. The big idea with feedback is that you want to keep the sound from the speakers from getting into any of the microphones. The result is a ringing tone which gets louder and louder until the feedback loop is interrupted. When this happens, the amplifier outputs a louder version of the signal, and a loop is created. Feedback is what happens when a microphone pickups up too much of its own signal.

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How to prevent feedback is one of the most fundamental PA system rules. While youвЂ™ll use similar cables to connect a mixer to either loudspeakerвЂ™s amplifier, connecting passive speakers to their amplifier requires an additional Speakon or ВјвЂќ speaker cables. In a passive speaker, the amp is a completely separate device mounted in a rack separate from the speakers. In a powered speaker, the amp is inside the cabinet with the speaker. The real difference is where the power amplifier is located. Their main function is to bring microphone and instruments levels up to line level and then balance the mix before sending it to the loudspeakers. Mixers let you connect and control levels that are received from microphones and sent to speakers. The high voltage level causes the speaker to rapidly move back and forth, thus reproducing an amplified version of your original signal. When the mix leaves the mixer and enters the loudspeakerвЂ™s amplifier, it is dramatically increased to speaker level and controlled by the amplifierвЂ™s level control. Once raised to line level, the signal level is adjusted by a mixerвЂ™s level controls. The voltage starts at mic level and, after being increased by a preamplifier gain knob, is increased closer to line level. For a PA system, the gain stages are the microphone preamplifier, channel level, mix level, and loudspeaker level. Gain staging refers to each level of preamplification or volume adjustment found in a signal path. The result is a much louder sounding voice.ДЄnother way to think about amplification is how the signal level, or its voltage level, is increased at separate gain stages of the system.

Once boosted by a power amplifier, the voltage is so high that it forces the speakers to move and recreate the sound pressure changes which first entered the mic. That voltage is then sent to either a mixer or loudspeaker for amplification. That means when you speak or sing into the mic, its magnetic force outputs a small amount of voltage. It all starts with the microphone (mic), which converts sound pressure to voltage. In its simplest form, it has a microphone, mixer, and loudspeakers. A public address (PA) system is for amplifying the human voice.

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